拉爾夫·沃恩·威廉斯，英國作曲家，外文名英語：Ralph Vaughan Williams，生卒時間1872年10月12日-1958年8月26日。
生活
早年
達爾文-威奇伍德-加爾頓家庭譜系，指出威廉斯和達爾文、威奇伍德的關係
沃恩·威廉斯出生于格洛斯特郡的下安普尼，而其父亞瑟·沃恩·威廉斯則是一名副主教。父親逝世後，他在1875年被其母親瑪格麗特·蘇珊·威奇伍德(Margaret Susan Wedgwood，1843–1937，陶瓷家約書亞·威奇伍德之曾孫女)照顧，並於其位於市北處的利斯山地方的家庭同住。達爾文爲威廉斯的伯叔，兩者間頗有關係。 拉爾夫(英語作Rayf)於是被稱作尊貴而聰明的中上階級，但他沒有視以爲自然，仍努力不懈爲其相信的民主和自由觀念奮鬥。
作爲一個學生，他學習鋼琴，“但我永不懂彈奏，而小提琴則是我音樂的拯救”。中學畢業之後，進入皇家音樂學院，然後進入劍橋三一學院學習音樂史，後又回到皇家音樂學院學習作曲。
1909年赴巴黎，就教於拉威爾，爲拉威爾唯一的門徒。
他的音樂創作成就很晚，直到30歲他的一首名叫《Linden Lea》歌曲才成爲他的第一個發表作品。他把很多精力用於收集民歌。
作品
歌劇
Hugh the Drover或Love in the Stocks(1910-20)
Sir John in Love(約翰爵士談戀愛1924-28)，即其創作之綠袖子主題幻想曲的來源。
The Poisoned Kiss(1927-29，修訂版爲1936-37及1956-57)
Riders to the Sea(海上騎士、騎馬入海的人，1925-32)，由約翰·米靈頓·辛奇(John Millington Synge)之劇本改篇。
The Pilgrim's Progress(天路歷程，1909-51)，基於約翰·本仁之託寓詩
芭蕾
Old King Cole(大王科爾，1923)
Job, a masque for dancing(假面舞劇《約伯》，1930)
管絃樂
交響曲
《在郊野的沼澤上》In the Fen Country(1904)
《第1諾福克幻想曲》Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1(1906，1914修訂)
《黃蜂》The Wasps，阿里斯托芬式組曲(1909)
《泰利斯主題幻想曲》Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis(1910，1913及1919修訂)
《綠袖子幻想曲》Fantasia on "Greensleeves"(1934)
《迪夫與拉沙羅的五個變奏曲》Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus(1939)
《大協奏曲》Concerto Grosso(1950)
協奏曲
鋼琴
小提琴
中提琴
雙簧管協奏曲，a小調，(雙簧管及絃樂器)(1944)
爲鋼琴、合唱團和交響樂團所寫的《爲詩篇104篇而寫的幻想曲(類近變奏曲)》Fantasia (quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune(1949)
爲口琴及樂隊所寫的《降D大調浪漫曲》Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra(1951)(爲拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)
f小調大號協奏曲(1954)
合唱
Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman (1906)
Five Mystical Songsfor baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert (1911)
Fantasia on Christmas Carolsfor baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
Mass in G小調 for unaccompanied choir (1922)
Sancta Civitas(The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation (1923-25)
Te Deum in G (1928)
Benedicitefor soprano, chorus, and orchestra (1929)
In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love(1929)
Three Choral Hymns(1929)
Magnificatfor contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra (1932)
Five Tudor Portraitsfor contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1935)
Dona nobis pacem,沃特·衛特曼詞及其他(1936)
Festival Te Deumfor chorus and orchestra or organ (1937)
Serenade to Musicfor sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare (1938)
A Song for Thanksgiving(原作 Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra (1944)
An Oxford Elegyfor narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra (1949)
Three Shakespeare Songs，爲SATB沒有伴奏的，用作英聯邦國家音樂競賽 (The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ，1951)
Hodie, a Christmas oratorio (1954)
Folk songs of the Four Seasonsfor unaccompanied SSA chorus.
Epithalamionfor baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings (1957)
Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.
聲樂
"Linden Lea"，歌(1901)
The House of Life(1904)
Songs of Travel(1904)
"The Sky Above The Roof" (1908)
On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet (1909)
Along the Field, for tenor and violin
Three Poems by Walt Whitmanfor baritone and piano (1920)
Four Poems by Fredegond Shove:for baritone and piano (1922)
Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings(1914)
Merciless Beautyfor tenor, two violins, and cello
Four Last Songs (Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songsto poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
Ten William Blake|Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe (1957)
室內樂及樂器
c小調絃樂五重奏(小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴及鋼琴)(1903)
g小調第1絃樂四重奏(1908)
a小調第2絃樂四重奏(1942-44)
《五重奏幻想曲》Phantasy Quintet(2小提琴、中提琴及2大提琴)(1912)
《六首英國民歌練習曲》Six Studies in English Folk-Song(大提琴及鋼琴)(1926)
《三首以威爾士曲調而寫成的前奏曲》Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes(管風琴)(1956)
爲中提琴及鋼琴的浪漫曲(日子不詳)
管風琴
Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes(Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol) (1920)
A Wedding Tune for Ann(1943)
Two Organ Preludes(The White Rock, St. David's Day) (1956)
The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune(?)
電影、電臺、電視配樂
49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort
Coastal Command (film)|Coastal Command, 1942
BBC接納了The Pilgrim's Progress, 1942
The People's Land, 1943
The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943
Stricken Peninsula, 1945
The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946
Scott of the Antarctic (1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 Sinfonia Antartica
管樂團
《英國民歌組曲》"English Folk Song Suite"(1923)
Toccata Marzialefor military band (1924)
Flourish for Wind Band(1939)
Sea Songs
Overture: Henry Vfor brass band
Variationsfor brass band (1957)
參見
古典音樂作曲家列表
參考資料
^Vaughan Williams, Ursula.(1964)R.V.W. A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams, 牛津大學出版社，前言Notes on Names指Ralph之名音作Rayf，其他讀音對他是一種羞辱。
^Frogley, Alain.‘Williams, Ralph Vaughan(1872–1958)’(需訂閱). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 牛津大學出版社. 2004 — online edition May 2006 [2008-01-16]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36636.
^
